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A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | Z A accordion fold – Brochure or direct mail piece that folds alternately inward and outward so that the piece opens and closes like an accordion. agate line – Line of type set in 51⁄2 point type. Many newspapers measure ad depth by this measurement: 14 per column inch. analog color proof – Off-press color proof made from sublimation films (i.e. Matchprint®, Color Key, Fuji® print, Chromalin®). animated GIF – An animated graphic file made up of a series of graphics files stored in a sequence of frames and displayed on an internet browser. (Also see GIF.) applets – Mini applications that can run in a browser where HTML language is present and run from JAVA scripts. application – A software program used on a computer. aqueous coating – Overall high gloss or matte water-based coating printed in-line through a heating unit for instant drying. Protects the surface of the sheet and can make a lesser quality paper look better and colors brighter. Is not considered a fifth color and therefore does not involve any printing plates, but does add some cost. archive – Long term storage of electronic files. Usually on CD-ROM, DVD or 8mm tape drives. ascender – The portion of a lower case letter that rises above the main body of the letter (as in b, d and h). ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) – A text file format containing letters, digits, and symbols from the ASCII character set. Standard on IBM-compatible personal computers. autoflow – Computer text placement in which text flows continuously onto successive pages. B
backing up – Printing the reverse side of a sheet already printed on one side. Also, saving a copy of files to a disk, tape or other media. baud rate – The speed that data is transmitted over normal phone lines (28.8, 56kbps etc.). bezier curve – The description of a character, symbol, or graphic by its outline. It is used by drawing programs to define shapes. binary – A text and file format that is standard on the Apple® Macintosh® computer. bit – The smallest unit of binary information…with a value of “1” or “0”. bitmap graphic – A graphic-image document formed by a series of dots or pixels with a specific number of dots or pixels per inch. Can be a variety of format types, including TIFF (see on this list), JPEG, BMP and others. blanket – In offset printing, a rubber surfaced fabric which is clamped around a press cylinder, which transfers the image from the plate, and onto the paper. bleed – A photo, solid color, or any graphic image that prints off the edge of the trimmed sheet. (Technically, to achieve this effect, the sheet is actually trimmed after it is printed.) Also, what printers claim to do when asked to cut prices. BMP (Windows Bitmap) – A file format for Microsoft® Windows for bitmap images. brownline (blueline) – Photographic checking proof from a negative of a page prior to plating for printing. Proofreader should only be checking for proper photo positioning, completeness, broken type, etc. browser – Application program that interprets and displays HTML universally across the world wide web. Popular browsers include Netscape Navigator and Microsoft internet Explorer. It is also a term used by graphic artist to describe a someone who says, “I don’t know what I want, but I’ll know it when I see it!” byte – A unit of digital information, equivalent to one character or 8 bits and can consist of up to 256 values.
C
cable modem – Allows internet access through the cable hookup in your home. This service allows very fast downloads and surfing the internet and competes with DSL. cache – A computer memory feature. What all graphic artists need more of. Allows repetitive application functions to be stored in the computer’s memory so RAM can quickly process redundant functions. camera-ready art – Old style completed keyline or “paste-up” art with all necessary type, overlays, and photographic specifications ready for prepress operations. Rarely used in this digital age of art creation. CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory) – Data (music, multimedia and presentations, or archived files) that are usually “written to” once and “read from” over and over again by a laser beam to a compact disk. The advantage to using one is a great deal of information can be stored on a rather small inexpensive removable disk (up to 700 MBs). Formatting is available in Mac, ISO 9660 (Mac/PC), Multi-Session, and several other formats. CGI (Common Gateway Interface) – A program or script for the internet usually written by a programer that can perform an action (i.e. submit forms). chokes and spreads – Overlap of overprinting images to avoid color or white edges around an image or type. (See Trap.) Chromalin® – DuPont’s color proof made from powdered toners through a laminating procedure to produce color proofs from either film negatives or positives. Used for color approval before printing (very accurate). CMYK colors – A color model that defines color using the four process colors: cyan, magenta, yellow and black. (See Process Colors.) coated stock – Any paper stock with a clay finish or gloss finish. This enables the ink to sit on top of the paper, rather than be absorbed. It helps to result in high quality reproduction of photographs. color separation – Positives or negatives made from full-color art used to make plates. Full-color is separated (filtered) into four screened (dot) separations: magenta (red), cyan (blue), yellow, black (CMYK). continuous-tone art – Any photograph or illustration that has a graduation of colors, or gray tones. contrast – Tonal gradation between highlights, midtones and shadows in an original or reproduction. cover stock – A heavier, more durable stock of paper. It provides rigidity (fibers are arranged differently). crash – A computer program which quits unexpectedly. Also the sound made as the operator hits the floor after losing five hours of work. Always save your files periodically to avoid this situation and backup your work! crop – To eliminate an unwanted section of photograph or piece of art. crossover – A printed object that extends from one page to the next. Also used to describe graphic artists that can use a Mac or a PC. cutlines (caption) – Legend/description accompanying a photograph or artwork.
D DCS ( Desktop Color Separation) – An EPS file format that is pre-separated into five files. One is a color preview file used for low resolution placement. The other four are the cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK) channels. deboss – Printing an image; then stamping it out so that the image is depressed under the paper in relief. (Also in committee decision-making, the one whose opinion matters most.) delete – Eliminate. density – The degree of darkness of a photographic image. descender – The portion of a lowercase letter that hangs below the main body of the letter diazo – A print from printing film negatives. All copy and photographs are in position with all photographs halftoned. (See Brownline.) die cut – An outline or other cut alteration to a square print sheet. (Usually accomplished with a letterpress press or high speed Bobst press [die cut and score].) DocuColor® – Equipment made by Xerox® which will output in color directly from computer files (color copy-like toner method). It produces a high volume of copies in a short amount of time, keeping the copies consistent in color. Usually prints up to tabloid size (11"x 17"). Docutech – High performance equipment made by Xerox which will output in black and white directly from computer files (black and white laser copy-like toner method). It produces a high volume of copies in a short amount of time, keeping the copies consistent in tones. Usually prints up to tabloid size (11"x 17"). This system can also perform some collating and bindery tasks such as inserting tabs, stapling and binding. Domain Name – A “URL” usually for a company or business (web page address) which is registered and usually ends in .com or .net or .org (http://www.mediaii.com). DPI – Dots per inch. Used in reference to output or monitor resolution. DSL – Digital Subscriber Line. A high-speed internet connection that is “always on”. 3-5 times faster than ISDN which is 10 times faster than a 56K modem. download – To receive an electronic file from a remote computer or server and save to a local computer hard drive. drop-out halftone – Halftone photograph with parts dropped out to show paper color. No tonal value in the extreme highlights. drum scanner – Highest quality scanner where a photograph or illustration is actually attached to a spinning cylindrical drum and scanned. It provides superior detail and range of midtones, highlights and shadows. As technology increases capabilities, they are slowly being replaced by high-end flat-bed scanners and digital cameras that provide high-quality images without the need to print photos and scan them. dummy – Mockup of a job in the planning stages. Shows how it will look and paper stock. (Can also be a printer, artist, writer, etc. …that is usually not used a second time.) duotone – Black-and-white photograph (halftone) printed in two colors. Usually black and a second spot (PMS) color. duplicate film – Copies of original film negatives or positives. dye sublimation (dye sub) – High quality color printer that outputs directly from a computer file. Usually prints up to 12" x 18" maximum size. Can be expensive, but is near photo quality. Is being replaced by photo-quality ink-jet printers that come in sizes from letter-sized paper to poster-sized.
E e-mail – Electronic mail which can be sent and received through the world wide web, internet, intranet, extranet and electronic bulletin board via telephone lines. em – A unit of measure which is the square of a typeface’s point size. Traditionally, an em is the width of a face’s widest letter, the capital letter M. For instance, if the M is 10 points wide, an em is equal to 10 points. emboss – Printing an image; then stamping it out, so that image rises above the paper in relief. en – A unit of measure equal to half of a typeface’s point size. Traditionally, an en was half the width of an em. Encapsulated PostScript (EPS or EPSF) – A draw-type graphic document or bitmap image that is created using PostScript code or an application that produces a PostScript code. This file format contains a low-resolution screen preview that is usually a TIFF or JPEG format. Excel® – A Microsoft spreadsheet software application program. extranet – Able to give and receive information outside the perimeters of a company’s intranet via telephone lines. Boundaries can be defined to a specific company’s needs. (A company may make it possible for clients or vendors to access specific information on their company’s intranet.)
F Fiery® – Equipment made by EFI that processes (RIPs) computer files and outputs in color directly to an output device such as a color copier or color proofer. Also, the look in a graphic designer’s eye when their work is criticized for having too much white space. file attachment – Term used when sending a computer file via e-mail. Usually an e-mail letter is written first, and then a computer file is attached before it is sent. finder – The desktop file manager on the Macintosh operating system. Also defines the person who gets the best deal on a computer and tells everyone else. five color (or more) – Every time a sheet is run through a set of print rollers, it is considered a color. A full color separation requires four sets of rollers. (The fifth, and subsequent colors, can mean a special color, not provided by the color separation process, aqueous coating, a varnish, color match, etc. ...) flatbed scanner – A table top scanner usually connected to a home or office computer workstation where an image is placed usually face down on a flat piece of glass and a light sensitive sliding mechanism scans the image. flat color (spot color) – Solid PMS (Pantone Matching System) color generally used for accent. flop – Photographic process that changes the facing of a photograph or artwork. (For instance, if the subject was pointing to the right in the original, he would be pointing to the left in the flopped format.) Also usually the end result of the boss’ daughter’s creative idea for the corporate ad campaign. flush (right, left) – Having type set so that it is aligned either to the right or left. Also, what to do with bargain basement art. font – Complete set of type characters in a particular style (face). forms – The arrangement of pages on paper as it is printed on the press. The forms must be organized properly for the bindery process to be done correctly. (See Printer’s Spreads.) FreeHand® – A Macromedia (now Adobe) drawing software application program used to create vector (linear) graphics. French fold – Brochure or direct mail folder that is printed on only one side, then folded into a four-page folder. The blank side is hidden. (Many greeting cards are French fold.) FTP (File Transfer Protocol) – A software utility used to upload or download files, usually directly to a server that stores web page files.
G gatefold – An ad or brochure that opens out to two additional pages, usually from the center or double gate 8-4 additional pages. geek – What all graphic artists have irreversibly turned into since 1990. A term of endearment. GIF – Compuserve’s Graphic Interchange Format. Developed for sending and receiving graphic files over the web (www) using indexed color mode (256 colors) and small file sizes. Best for flat color art work. gigabyte – A unit of data consisting of 1,024 megabytes. grain – The way cellulose fibers in a sheet of paper line up, giving direction to the paper. (You want a folded piece to fold with the grain, not against it. This prevents cracking.) grainy – Dim, distracting pattern in a photograph that lessens impact. Often caused by low resolution images. (Like “snow” in a television picture.) gray balance – The dot values or densities of CMYK that produces a neutral gray. grayscale – Black and white mode including grays. The maximum 256 levels of grayscale includes a full range of gray tones. Greek text – Used in an initial layout to indicate text or type where text or type will eventually be written and placed. i.e. Lorem ipsum dolor. gripper – In sheet-fed and web printing, metal fingers that clamp on paper and control its flow through the press. gutter – The separation between two facing pages. And the separation between pages in a press layout to allow for bleed. This space also allows the printer area to run their hold down wheels. Also where printers with single color presses that claim four color capabilities end up.
H hairline – Very thin black line on keyline. Also, what balding account executives use every morning. halftone – Process by which a photograph is scanned and then converted to a series of very small dots (screens can run from 65 to 200 dots per inch depending on need and clarity). The photo can be printed and create the illusion of continuous tone. hard drive (internal or external) – Data and application storage area within a computer. Information is “read from” or “written to” areas of the hard drive. Areas of the hard drive are used in collaboration with RAM to complete a software request. (See RAM.) Also refers to the effort to complete a project received by 5:00 p.m. for a 7:00 a.m. delivery. high res (hi rez) – High resolution (print quality) electronic image usually 300 dpi at size of 5" by 7". HLS colors – A color model that defines colors using percentages of hue, saturation and lightness. Also see HSB colors. HSB colors – A color model that defines color using percentages of hue, saturation and brightness. HLS and HLB are similar but different in the degree of lightness and brightness needed to produce color. hole punch – Process by which printer drills holes into printed matter. (3-hole punch is common.) HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) – Programming language that a web (www) browser interprets and displays. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) – A language used for web browsers to preface some URLs (web addresses).
I Illustrator – An Adobe drawing software application program used to create vector graphics. imprint – Printing information on an already printed piece. impositions – The appropriate layout of pages in a press form for the binding process. Also repeatedly asking to have your job done first. inkjet – Method of color output directly from computer file. Output size can range from large format (36” wide to any length) to letter size (8 1/2" x 11"). Different companies manufacture inkjet printers including Canon, Epson, Iris, Hewlett-Packard. inset – Art placed inside other art or art surrounded by type. internet – Communicating across the globe via telephone lines. Used for posting information about an event, organization or an individual. Can be viewed through a browser and electronic messages can be sent. intranet – Able to give and receive information usually within a company via a network. Boundaries can be defined to specific company’s needs. (A company may make it possible for clients or vendors to access information on their intranet.) Iris® – High quality prepress inkjet proof color output directly from a computer file up to 55" wide (any length). Can be calibrated to match printing press output. ISDN (Integrated Signal Digital Network) – A digital phone line capable of running at a speed of 128kbps (kilobytes per second). ISP (internet Service Provider) – A company that offers monthly online services to enable someone to be connected to the internet. J JAVA® – Programming language used for the web (www) developed by Sun Microsystems. Also, what graphic artists consume plenty of during an all-nighter. JAZ® Cartridge – Iomega’s transportable media which holds 1 or 2 gigabytes or GBs (1,024 or 2,048 megabytes or MBs) of electronic information. No longer a viable storage medium. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) – A file compression technique named after the group of photographers who developed it. Electronic file size can be decreased drastically but in exchange, pixel information is lost which decreases image quality. It is a good method for file archives or web (www) graphics. justified – Copy that is flush right-and-left. (See Flush.)
K kerning – Adjusting the spacing between letters. keyline – An old method (thank God) with type set and pasted in position on an art board. Space is designated for photographs, etc., with all necessary instructions for the printer. (Drinking coffee in close proximity to them will age your artist or printer considerably. But your artist is probably really old if these are used.) kilobyte – A unit of data consisting of 1,024 bytes (pixels). (See also Byte.) knockout – An area on a printer’s spot color overlay in which an overlapping color is deleted so the background color shows through. Kodak approval – High quality digital color proof (up to 12" x 18") capable of showing trap and line screens. Can be used for press approval. L laser printer – Quality office printer which uses toner and heat at high speeds to create documents. Postscript printers are capable of printing complex fonts and graphics. layout – Formal artistic rendering of brochure or advertising idea for concept approval. Also, used to refer to the press sheets imposition. (See Imposition.) leading – The amount of space measured in points between lines of text. line drawing – Illustration not requiring a halftone separation (black-and-white). line reproduction – Process by which a printer reproduces black-and-white drawings. (Does not require halftone separations.) line screen (65, 133, 150, 200) – Halftone (or color separation) dots to the linear inch; 65 is common for newspaper reproduction, 133 is common for most trade magazines, 150 and 200 is common for much of the literature that is printed today. LPI – Lines per inch. Used in reference to line screen. low res (lo rez) – Low resolution (72 to 266 dpi) electronic image. For print these images are FPO (for position only). Low res images are suitable for web pages, PowerPoint or on-screen (computer monitor) presentations. M make-ready – Sheets used on press to get position and color. mask – Used to protect open or selected areas of a digital image on film or plate. Matchprint – See Chromalin. megabyte (MB) – A unit of data consisting of 1,024 kilobytes or 1,048,576 bytes. moiré – An undesirable pattern of dots (wavy or checkered) that is caused by incorrect screen angles of overprinting halftones. Can occur when an already screened or patterned photograph is scanned. M-weight – The weight of 1,000 sheets of paper of various sizes.
N negative – Film where the light and dark areas are in inverse order to those of the original photographic subject. (Also, that feeling when the end product does not live up to expectations – a good reason to choose viable suppliers.) network – Having more than one computer connected to each other. Ideal for transferring information and sharing files. O OCR (Optical Character Recognition) – A technology that allows scanner software to recognize letters on a printed sheet that has been scanned and saved into a text document (this is useful to avoid extensive retyping of large printed documents). Never perfect in interpretation so always check for accuracy. OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) – A standard for exchanging data between programs. OLE includes the ability to edit an object in the program that created it directly from the importing program, and automatically update imported objects when the original object is modified. online – Pertaining to being on an intranet, the internet or the world wide web, either logged-on to search for something, or having a home page or web pages launched. overprinting – Printing over an area that has already been printed.
P paste-up – Manually assembling type and graphics on a board ready for prepress production. Today, this method is only used when the computer crashes. PageMaker® – An Adobe page layout computer software application program. page makeup – Assembly or page elements to complete a page for imaging. PDF – Adobe Acrobat’s “Portable Document Format”. Format allows retaining of page composition and integrity utilizing a compressed file size for transporting files quickly and easily. Also great “Mac to PC” and “PC to Mac” cross platform flexibility. Newest version of Acrobat allow for pre-press ready files. Check with your printers for instructions and advice on creating such files. perfect-bound – Bindery procedure where signature sheets are glued to the cover. (Usually done for catalogs with 76 pages or more.) perfecting (press) – A press capable of printing on both sides of the paper at once. (Most presses print one side at a time.) photo cd – Kodak, high-quality digital files of one or more photographic images saved in a variety of resolutions for different uses (usually 5 different resolutions of the same image) and written to a cd (compact disk). Photoshop – An Adobe raster-based image software application program primarily used to manipulate photos that have been scanned, or to create or manipulate graphics. photostat – A photographic copy. Also called a “stat.” pica – 12 points, or 1/6 of an inch. pict – A Macintosh picture format for computer graphic documents. For viewing only and is generally not acceptable for prepress. pixel – A pixel is one dot of a screen image. plate – Usually an aluminum sheet that can be exposed utilizing positive or negative films to create an image or type to be printed. PMS (Pantone Matching System) Color – A printing standard for various shades of color. point – Unit of measurement; there are 72 points to an inch. positive – The print or transparency recording the original photographic subject. posterization – A conversion of continuous tone art to black-and-white art. Multiple colors are then reduced to a few simple flat colors. PostScript® – Adobe’s code or language that enables a computer screen to display, or printing device to interpret complex graphics and text. PowerPoint® – A Microsoft presentation (on-screen and 35mm slide) software application program. PPI – Pixels per inch. Used in reference to digital image resolution. (Same as DPI.) prepress – All the steps necessary to prepare a job for offset printing (sheet-fed or web press) including electronic file organization, color proof, RIP and film output and plates. Usually done by a printing firm or service bureau. press-proof – Printed sheet directly off the press for the author to check. (At this point, only absolutely necessary changes should be made. All changes require much time and expense.) primary color – The three primary colors are: magenta (red), cyan (blue), and yellow. (The 4-Color process utilizes the three primary colors plus black.) printer’s spreads – Pages are assembled in the proper order for proofs, printing and bindery. process color – The effect of full-color printing achieved through use of the 4-color separation process. A full range of color can be provided by this process. publication film – Negative or positive film (1 to 4 pieces) provided to publications so they can make their own plates and then print an ad. Most publications only accept digital file formats in place of films.
Q QuarkXPress® – Quark’s page layout software application program used to layout projects primarily for print. Probably the most commonly used software in the advertising agency business but is getting heavy competition from Adobe Software’s InDesign. QuickTime® – Apple’s technology for running video and sound on a computer. It also refers to the speed at which most projects are required.
R RAM (Random Access Memory) – Computer memory needed to run a software application or to complete a function in an application. It is also a god to most graphic artists – the more the better. raster-based image – Bitmap image made up of information contained in each pixel or dot of image area. (Photo-manipulation program images like Adobe’s Photoshop.) reader’s spreads – Pages assembled one after another, in chronological order, for preliminary proofing. rebuild desktop – An operation that needs to be preformed to increase performance of an older Apple Macintosh computers running System 9. registration – Perfect lining-up of separations and elements from one film or plate to another for printing. resolution – The number of dots per linear inch in a given area on a computer screen, scanned graphic or printer output. reverse – White letters on a grey, black or dark color area. RGB – Red, Green and Blue color mode where the absence of color equals white (light). Best used in web (www) graphics and slide or on-screen (computer) presentations. RIP (Raster Image Processor) – Converts desktop files into language required to produce high-resolution film or paper output from an imagesetter. It is a computerized process that creates in an electronic bitmap which indicates every spot position on a page in preparation for output. RTF (Rich Text Format) – A text file format which allows text formatting to be retained. run – The printing process. (Also known as “pushing the button”.)
S saddle-stitch – Page binding process that uses a type of staple to hold together a printed piece in its spine. scanner – A device used to digitize (convert) continuous tone photographs or artwork into dots for printing. score – Printing process by which a crease or partial cut is made in a sheet of printed paper. (Usually done by a letterpress press.) Also, what happens when a printer ‘lands’ a big budget advertiser. screen Tru-Rite – High quality digital color prepress proof, output directly from computer file (23” x 29”). secondary colors – All of the resulting colors that can be produced from the three primary colors plus black. server – A computer that is the host or core to a network of more than one computer. (Also, the occupation graphic artists now have if they didn’t embrace computer technology.) service bureau – A company that usually offers services such as typesetting, scanning, imaging of computer files for publication films or negatives, color output and black and white material, posters, overheads, 35mm slides. (A lot of the former conventional typesetting firms have become service bureaus.) sheetfed (press) – Presses that print on individual sheets of paper. spreads – A spread contains two or more adjacent pages. (See also Reader and Printer Spreads.) signature – A multiple of 4, 8, 16, or 32 pages that can be printed (depending on size of piece and weight of stock for folding). Also, the name given to a printed sheet after it has been folded. site host – Company that owns the server (computer) that stores web pages (electronic files). soft proof – Proofing a page by viewing on a monitor or RGB screen. spot color – A solid (PMS) color used usually for accent. (More expensive and more involved [negative, proof, plate, make-ready, ink and washup] than through a process color.) stats – Photographic positive or negative enlargements or reduction from black-and-white art (or type). stet – Proofreader’s instruction. Disregard new comment …let original information stand. stripping – Prepress operation where different negatives are next to each other in register so they can form a single composite negative for each color for plating. surf – A term used for exploring the world wide web. Syquest Disk/Cartridge – Removable media for storing or transporting electronic files. Pretty much a dead technology, but a few still exist in service bureaus for those that need them. swatch – Ink or paper color sample.
T T1 Line or Connection – A high speed phone line used for accessing the internet and world wide web. Generally composed of fiber optic cabling. A T1 line has more bandwidth than ISDN for greater speed. techie – What all graphic artists are considered today. While at the theatre, on the phone with friends or during a day at the park with another family the conversation may turn into a one about RAM, hard drive size, bits and bytes. text stock – A light weight stock of paper. (Usually used for printed literature with many pages and has a different M-weight than a cover stock for the same size.) thumbnail sketch – Original rough sketch of idea for brochure, advertisement, etc. TIFF – Tagged Image File Format. A computer document format as a standard for bitmap graphics including scanned images. Can be compressed using LZW compression without quality loss. The compression can cause problems with some prepress software so check with your printer before you compress. tomorrow – When most projects are needed. The rest are needed yesterday. transparency – A color positive on film rather than paper. trim marks – Marks placed to indicate the edge of page. two-color – Usually black plus another color; although it can sometimes mean two colors not including black. two-up (four-up, etc.) – A printing form in duplicate to permit multiple copies to be printed at the same time, reducing press time and utilizing paper and press size most effectively. typeface – See font. U uncoated stock – Any stock of paper without a coating. (Reproduction quality of photographs may suffer because the ink is absorbed into the paper.) upgrade – A software program version update. Sometimes a “patch” is used to fix a bug in upgrade software. upload – To send an electronic file from a local computer hard drive to another, or to a server, via modem or network connection. URL (Universal Remote Location) – Web page address. UV Coating – High gloss coating (overall or spot) with ultra violet light as the drying agent.
V varnish – A fixative printed over an already printed piece. Can create an attractive gloss (or dulling effect) and eliminate ink smudging. (Usually necessary for heavy ink coverage.) Adds a fifth color to a print run and therefore cost increases. Can be added in specific areas on a design to add punch to photos and still keep the quality of the paper surface (perhaps a dull coat for contrast). vector-based image – Image made up of mathematically described objects. Usually lines with control points that have a numerical location based on x and y coordinates. (Drawing program graphics for Freehand and Illustrator.) velox – Photoprint with halftone dot pattern in place of continuous tone, ready for line reproduction. VGA – A type of color computer monitor which is capable of displaying video in a limited color palette. vignette – An illustration or vector drawing in which the background fades gradually until it blends into another color or to nothing. VRAM – Video RAM. The higher the VRAM on a computer, the better the refresh rate and the faster graphics or a video clip will appear (in resolution and speed).
W web (press) – Presses that print from a roll of paper. (Used for large runs and/or many pages such as newspapers and catalogs.) Can run on both sides of the sheet simultaneously to speed production. WMF – Windows Metafile Format which is compatible with most Microsoft programs like Word, Excel and PowerPoint. Word – A Microsoft word processing software application program. work-and-turn – In printing, a sheet is fed through the press for printing on one side and then turned over, right to left, or left to right for second side printing. (Utilizes same edge by gripper.) work-and-tumble – In printing, after the first side of a sheet is printed, it is turned over, front to back, for second side printing. (Utilizes opposite edge by gripper.)
Z ZAP PRAM – An operation which increases the performance of an Apple Macintosh computer in the old System 9. A jolt is sent to the computer’s parameter RAM. Sort of like cleaning your head from confusion. Will delete many of the settings in your clock and other control panels. Use only on last resort or get the Macintosh OSX and never do it again. ZIP Disk – Iomega’s transportable media which holds 100 megabytes or MBs of electronic information. Another obsolete storage medium that has been replaced by large hard drives. CD-ROM burners and DVD’s for cheap storage and archiving.
Credits Jack Warner Linda Carruth , Digital Imaging I (Photoshop) Using FreeHand , Macromedia FreeHand 7, Glossary Roy W. Harry , President Note: All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Glossary of Print &
Electronic
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